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Ten Essentials of Public Health |
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Essential Service #1 Monitor Health Status to Identify
Community Health Problems
Assessment of statewide health status and its determinants,
including the identification of health threats and the
determination of health service needs Identification of health
risks and determination of health service needs. Attention to
the vital statistics and health status of groups that are at
higher risk than the total population. Identification of
community assets and resources that support the local public
health system (LPHS) in promoting health and improving quality
of life. Utilization of appropriate methods and
technology, such as geographic information systems, to interpret
and communicate data to diverse audiences. Collaboration among
all LPHS components, including private providers and health
benefit plans, to establish and use population health
information systems, such as disease or immunization registries.
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Essential Service #2 Diagnose and Investigate Health
Problems and Health Hazards in the Community
Epidemiological investigations of disease outbreaks and
patterns of infectious and chronic diseases and injuries,
environmental hazards, and other health threats. Active
infectious disease epidemiology programs. Access to a
public health laboratory capable of conducting rapid screening
and high volume testing.
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Essential Service #3 Inform, Educate and Empower People
about Health Issues
Health information, health education, and health promotion
activities designed to reduce health risk and promote better
health. Health communication plans and activities such as
media advocacy and social marketing. Accessible
health information and educational resources. Health
education and health promotion program partnerships with
schools, faith communities, work sites, personal care providers,
and others to implement and reinforce health promotion programs
and messages.
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Essential Service #4 Mobilize Community Partnerships to
Identify and Solve Health Problems
Identifying potential stakeholders who contribute to or
benefit from public health, and increase their awareness of the
value of public health. Building coalitions to draw upon
the full range of potential human and material resources to
improve community health. Convening and facilitating
partnerships among groups and associations (including those not
typically considered to be health-related) in understanding
defined health improvement projects, including preventive,
screening, rehabilitation, and support programs.
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Essential Service #5 Develop Policies and Plans that Support
Individual and Community Health Efforts
An effective governmental presence at the local level.
Development of policy to protect the health of the public and to
guide the practice of public health. Systematic
community-level and state-level planning for health improvement
in all jurisdictions. Alignment of LPHS resources and strategies
with the community health improvement plan.
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Essential Service #6 Enforce Laws and Regulations that
Protect Health and Ensure Safety
The review, evaluation, and revision of laws and regulations
designed to protect health and safety to assure that they
reflect current scientific knowledge and best practices for
achieving compliance. Education of persons and entities
obligated to obey or to enforce laws and regulations designed to
protect health and safety in order to encourage compliance.
Enforcement activities in areas of public health concern,
including, but not limited to the protection of drinking water;
enforcement of clean air standards; regulation of care provided
in health care facilities and programs; re-inspection of
workplaces following safety violations; review of new drug,
biologic, and medical device applications; enforcement of laws
governing the sale of alcohol and tobacco to minors; seat belt
and child safety seat usage; and childhood immunizations.
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Essential Service #7 Link People to Needed Personal Health
Services and Assure the Provision of Health Care when Otherwise
Unavailable
Identifying populations with barriers to personal health
services. Identifying personal health service needs of
populations with limited access to a coordinated system of
clinical care. Assuring the linkage of people to appropriate
personal health services through coordination of provider
services and development of interventions that address barriers
to care (e.g., culturally and linguistically appropriate staff
and materials, transportation services).
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Essential Service #8 Assure a Competent Public and Personal
Health Care Workforce
Assessment of workforce (including volunteers and other lay
community health workers) to meet community needs for public and
personal health services. Maintaining public health
workforce standards, including efficient processes for
licensure/credentialing of professional and incorporation of
core public health competencies needed to provide the Essential
Public Health Services into personnel systems. Adoption of
continuous quality improvement and life-long learning programs
for all members of the public health workforce, including
opportunities for formal and informal public health leadership
development.
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Essential Service #9 Evaluate Effectiveness, Accessibility,
and Quality of Personal and Population-Based Health Services
Assessing the accessibility and quality of services delivered
and the effectiveness of personal and population-based programs
provided. Providing information necessary for allocating
resources and reshaping programs.
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Essential Service #10 Research for New Insights and
Innovative Solutions to Health Problems
A continuum of innovative solutions to health problems
ranging from practical field-based efforts to foster change in
public health practice, to more academic efforts to encourage
new directions in scientific research. Linkages with
institutions of higher learning and research. Capacity to
mount timely epidemiological and health policy analyses and
conduct health systems research.
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